Alchemist Overseas

Each capsule contains 1000mg of HMB (beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate), a naturally occurring compound that plays a crucial role in muscle metabolism. Nature's Move HMB Capsules support muscle growth and recovery after intense workouts, helping to reduce muscle damage and promote faster healing.Each capsule contains 1000mg of HMB (beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate), a naturally occurring compound that plays a crucial role in muscle metabolism. Nature's Move HMB Capsules support muscle growth and recovery after intense workouts, helping to reduce muscle damage and promote faster healing.Each capsule contains 1000mg of HMB (beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate), a naturally occurring compound that plays a crucial role in muscle metabolism. Nature's Move HMB Capsules support muscle growth and recovery after intense workouts, helping to reduce muscle damage and promote faster healing.

DroDecan PP  10 ML VIAL  (Drostanolone Propionate USP  100 mg /ml )
Dromostanolone is a synthetic androgen, or male hormone, similar to testosterone. Dromostanolone works by attaching itself to androgen receptors; this causes it to interact with the parts of the cell involved in the making of proteins. It may cause an increase in the synthesis of some proteins or a decrease in the synthesis of others. These proteins have a variety of effects, including blocking the growth of some types of breast cancer cells, stimulating cells that cause male sexual characteristics, and stimulating the production of red blood cells.
Dromostanolone is a synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid and is approximately 5 times as potent as natural methyltestosterone. Like testosterone and other androgenic hormones, dromostanolone binds to the androgen receptor. This causes downstream genetic transcriptional changes. This ultimately causes retention of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus; increases protein anabolism; and decreases amino acid catabolism. The antitumour activity of dromostanolone appears related to reduction or competitive inhibition of prolactin receptors or estrogen receptors or productionDroDecan PP  10 ML VIAL  (Drostanolone Propionate USP  100 mg /ml )
Dromostanolone is a synthetic androgen, or male hormone, similar to testosterone. Dromostanolone works by attaching itself to androgen receptors; this causes it to interact with the parts of the cell involved in the making of proteins. It may cause an increase in the synthesis of some proteins or a decrease in the synthesis of others. These proteins have a variety of effects, including blocking the growth of some types of breast cancer cells, stimulating cells that cause male sexual characteristics, and stimulating the production of red blood cells.
Dromostanolone is a synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid and is approximately 5 times as potent as natural methyltestosterone. Like testosterone and other androgenic hormones, dromostanolone binds to the androgen receptor. This causes downstream genetic transcriptional changes. This ultimately causes retention of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus; increases protein anabolism; and decreases amino acid catabolism. The antitumour activity of dromostanolone appears related to reduction or competitive inhibition of prolactin receptors or estrogen receptors or production

CONCEIVE HCG 10000 IU (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN) INJECTION 
Hcg SP 10000IU Injection is a hormone that helps in pregnancy. It is responsible for the normal development of the egg in a woman's ovary. It also helps in ovulation by stimulating the release of the egg. While Hcg SP 10000IU Injection is used in women to treat infertility, in men it is used to increase sperm count.Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, HCG injection. HCG injections (human chorionic gonadotropin) are a hormone that can increase a person's chances of pregnancy, helps produce testosterone and sperm, and treats a condition that affects the testes called cryptorchidism. The brand of HCG varies based on your anatomy.CONCEIVE HCG 10000 IU (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN) INJECTION 
Hcg SP 10000IU Injection is a hormone that helps in pregnancy. It is responsible for the normal development of the egg in a woman's ovary. It also helps in ovulation by stimulating the release of the egg. While Hcg SP 10000IU Injection is used in women to treat infertility, in men it is used to increase sperm count.Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, HCG injection. HCG injections (human chorionic gonadotropin) are a hormone that can increase a person's chances of pregnancy, helps produce testosterone and sperm, and treats a condition that affects the testes called cryptorchidism. The brand of HCG varies based on your anatomy.CONCEIVE HCG 10000 IU (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN) INJECTION 
Hcg SP 10000IU Injection is a hormone that helps in pregnancy. It is responsible for the normal development of the egg in a woman's ovary. It also helps in ovulation by stimulating the release of the egg. While Hcg SP 10000IU Injection is used in women to treat infertility, in men it is used to increase sperm count.Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, HCG injection. HCG injections (human chorionic gonadotropin) are a hormone that can increase a person's chances of pregnancy, helps produce testosterone and sperm, and treats a condition that affects the testes called cryptorchidism. The brand of HCG varies based on your anatomy.CONCEIVE HCG 10000 IU (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN) INJECTION 
Hcg SP 10000IU Injection is a hormone that helps in pregnancy. It is responsible for the normal development of the egg in a woman's ovary. It also helps in ovulation by stimulating the release of the egg. While Hcg SP 10000IU Injection is used in women to treat infertility, in men it is used to increase sperm count.Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, HCG injection. HCG injections (human chorionic gonadotropin) are a hormone that can increase a person's chances of pregnancy, helps produce testosterone and sperm, and treats a condition that affects the testes called cryptorchidism. The brand of HCG varies based on your anatomy.

Hcg 5000IU Injection is used in the treatment of infertility in women. It is also helpful in the treatment of male hypogonadism (delayed puberty, and low sperm count). It works by releasing the eggs from the ovary in women and by increasing the testosterone level in men.

Hcg 5000IU Injection is given as an injection under the supervision of a doctor. Your doctor will decide the right time to take the injection, so always follow your doctor's advice. The dose and how often you take it depends on what you are taking it for. You should take this medicine for as long as it is prescribed for you.

The most common side effects of this medicine include injection site pain, headache, fatigue, and depression. If these bother you or appear serious, let your doctor know. There may be ways of reducing or preventing them. Male might notice acne, or sweating and deepening of the voice. If you experience dizziness, faint, abdominal pain, and vomiting after getting the injection, inform your doctor immediately.

Before taking this medicine, tell your doctor if you have ever had heart disease, or had an ovarian cyst, or had thyroid gland disorder. Your doctor should also know about all other medicines you are taking as many of these may make this medicine less effective or change the way it works. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. You should avoid alcohol or have to follow doctor advice related to diet while taking this medicine.

Boldee 250mg injection (1ml) contains Boldenone Undecylenate, an injectable anabolic-androgenic steroid. While originally developed for veterinary use, it is primarily used in certain regions to promote weight gain, increase muscle mass, and strengthen bones. 

• Bodybuilding and Muscle Growth: It is heavily used by bodybuilders and athletes to promote lean muscle growth, strength, and endurance.
• Increasing Red Blood Cells: It stimulates hematopoiesis (red blood cell production), which improves oxygen delivery to muscles.
• Appetite Enhancement: It is known for significantly raising appetite.
• Muscle Loss Prevention: Sometimes used to decrease muscle loss caused by corticosteroid treatment and in treating osteoporosis. 

Hyprogest 250mg Injection is used in pregnant women to help lower the risk of giving birth too early (preterm birth). It is only given to a woman who has had a preterm delivery in the past. It is not for use in women who are pregnant with more than one baby (twins, triplets, etc.).Hyprogest 250mg Injection is used in pregnant women to help lower the risk of giving birth too early (preterm birth). It is only given to a woman who has had a preterm delivery in the past. It is not for use in women who are pregnant with more than one baby (twins, triplets, etc.).Boldenone (developmental code name RU-18761), is a naturally occurring anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and the 1(2)-dehydrogenated analogue of testosterone. Boldenone itself has never been marketed; as a pharmaceutical drug, it is used as boldenone undecylenate, the undecylenate ester

Arimee 1mg tablets (Anastrozole) are a prescription medication used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, often in combination with surgery or radiation. As an aromatase inhibitor, it works by reducing estrogen production in the body to slow or stop cancer growth. 

• Target Population: Postmenopausal women with early or advanced breast cancer.
• Mechanism: Inhibits the aromatase enzyme to lower estrogen levels, which can stop the growth of estrogen-sensitive tumors.
• Dosage: Typically taken orally once a day, with or without food.
• Other Potential Uses: It may be used to reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk patients.
• Side Effects: Common side effects include fatigue, joint pain, hot flashes, headaches, and nausea.
• Important Precautions: It should not be used in premenopausal women and requires careful monitoring by an oncologist. 

It is essential to use this medication only under the guidance of a doctor. 

Annavail 10 mg tablets (containing the active ingredient Oxandrolone) are an oral anabolic steroid prescribed to promote weight gain and rebuild muscle tissue. It is commonly used in patients recovering from significant weight loss due to surgery, trauma, chronic infections, or long-term corticosteroid use. 

• Weight Gain Promotion: Helps individuals gain weight lost due to extensive surgery, chronic infections, or severe trauma.
• Muscle Growth & Preservation: Aids in increasing muscle mass and preventing muscle wasting.
• Bone Pain Reduction: Used to alleviate bone pain associated with osteoporosis.
• Supportive Therapy: Helps offset the catabolic effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy.
• Recovery Aid: Supports recovery in severe burn patients. 

Testoboon Kachhela Natural Gummies are a dietary supplement for men, using ingredients like Ashwagandha, Fenugreek, and Maca to support natural testosterone production, boost energy, stamina, libido, muscle strength, and mental focus, offering a convenient, tasty way to improve overall male vitality and hormonal balance. Users take them for better energy, performance, and well-being, though they are distinct from prescription testosterone therapies and should be used as directed. 

Boldee 250mg injection (1ml) contains Boldenone Undecylenate, an injectable anabolic-androgenic steroid. While originally developed for veterinary use, it is primarily used in certain regions to promote weight gain, increase muscle mass, and strengthen bones. 

• Bodybuilding and Muscle Growth: It is heavily used by bodybuilders and athletes to promote lean muscle growth, strength, and endurance.
• Increasing Red Blood Cells: It stimulates hematopoiesis (red blood cell production), which improves oxygen delivery to muscles.
• Appetite Enhancement: It is known for significantly raising appetite.
• Muscle Loss Prevention: Sometimes used to decrease muscle loss caused by corticosteroid treatment and in treating osteoporosis. 

estoboon 250 Injection is a combination medicine used in the treatment of male hypogonadism. It increases testosterone levels in adult men and helps improve various health problems, including impotence, infertility, low sex drive, tiredness, and depression

Testoboon CP 300mg injection contains testosterone cypionate, a synthetic testosterone ester used primarily for androgen replacement therapy in men with low testosterone levels (hypogonadism). It can also be used in adolescent boys with delayed puberty. 

Testosterone is used for the treatment of men whose bodies do not make enough natural testosterone, a condition called hypogonadism. Testosterone is a male hormone responsible for the growth and development of the male sex organs and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. This medicine is not for use in women.Testosterone is used for the treatment of men whose bodies do not make enough natural testosterone, a condition called hypogonadism. Testosterone is a male hormone responsible for the growth and development of the male sex organs and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. This medicine is not for use in women.

Testoboon 250 Injection is a combination medicine used in the treatment of male hypogonadism. It increases testosterone levels in adult men and helps improve various health problems, including impotence, infertility, low sex drive, tiredness, and depression.Testoboon 250 Injection is a combination medicine used in the treatment of male hypogonadism. It increases testosterone levels in adult men and helps improve various health problems, including impotence, infertility, low sex drive, tiredness, and depression.

Testoboon Depot 250 mg (1ml) is a testosterone injection used for male hypogonadism (low testosterone) to restore levels, treating issues like low sex drive, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and mood changes, boosting vitality, muscle, bone health, and sex drive, but must be prescribed and administered by a doctor due to potential side effects like acne, mood swings, or injection site reactions. Testoboon Depot 250 mg (1ml) is a testosterone injection used for male hypogonadism (low testosterone) to restore levels, treating issues like low sex drive, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and mood changes, boosting vitality, muscle, bone health, and sex drive, but must be prescribed and administered by a doctor due to potential side effects like acne, mood swings, or injection site reactions. 

Testoboon Depot (250mg Testosterone) is a hormone replacement therapy used in men with low testosterone (hypogonadism) to treat symptoms like impotence, infertility, low energy, mood issues, and lack of muscle/bone strength, by boosting testosterone levels, improving sex drive, mood, physical appearance, and confidence. Administered as an injection, typically deep into muscle or skin, its use, dosage (often every few weeks for 250mg), and potential side effects (like acne, mood swings, increased red blood cells) must be closely monitored by a doctor. Testoboon Depot (250mg Testosterone) is a hormone replacement therapy used in men with low testosterone (hypogonadism) to treat symptoms like impotence, infertility, low energy, mood issues, and lack of muscle/bone strength, by boosting testosterone levels, improving sex drive, mood, physical appearance, and confidence. Administered as an injection, typically deep into muscle or skin, its use, dosage (often every few weeks for 250mg), and potential side effects (like acne, mood swings, increased red blood cells) must be closely monitored by a doctor. 

Testosterone is used for the treatment of men whose bodies do not make enough natural testosterone, a condition called hypogonadism. Testosterone is a male hormone responsible for the growth and development of the male sex organs and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. This medicine is not for use in women.Testosterone is used for the treatment of men whose bodies do not make enough natural testosterone, a condition called hypogonadism. Testosterone is a male hormone responsible for the growth and development of the male sex organs and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. This medicine is not for use in women.

Testoboon Depot (250mg Testosterone) is a long-acting testosterone injection used for Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) in men with hypogonadism (low testosterone), helping to improve vitality, libido, mood, muscle mass, and bone density. It's a complex blend of testosterone esters, given by a doctor or nurse for conditions like impotence or infertility due to low T, but it must be medically supervised due to potential side effects like acne, mood changes, or breast enlargement. Testoboon Depot (250mg Testosterone) is a long-acting testosterone injection used for Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) in men with hypogonadism (low testosterone), helping to improve vitality, libido, mood, muscle mass, and bone density. It's a complex blend of testosterone esters, given by a doctor or nurse for conditions like impotence or infertility due to low T, but it must be medically supervised due to potential side effects like acne, mood changes, or breast enlargement. 

Testosterone is used for the treatment of men whose bodies do not make enough natural testosterone, a condition called hypogonadism. Testosterone is a male hormone responsible for the growth and development of the male sex organs and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. This medicine is not for use in women.Testosterone is used for the treatment of men whose bodies do not make enough natural testosterone, a condition called hypogonadism. Testosterone is a male hormone responsible for the growth and development of the male sex organs and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. This medicine is not for use in women.

Testoboon gel 1% 5gm (Testosterone) is a prescription topical treatment for men with low testosterone (hypogonadism), applied daily to clean, dry skin (shoulders, arms, abdomen, thighs) to replace missing hormones, helping with deficiency symptoms by absorbing through skin for steady hormone levels; it requires doctor's supervision, specific application instructions (wash hands before/after, cover area when dry), and isn't for "age-related" low T or males under 18 without established SAFETY.

Testolido 250 Injection (Testosterone Undecanoate) is a, prescription medication used for testosterone replacement therapy in adult men with hypogonadism (clinically low testosterone levels). It is administered via intramuscular injection to treat symptoms like low libido, fatigue, depression, and reduced muscle mass. 

• Indication: Treats primary or secondary hypogonadism, which causes inadequate natural testosterone production.
• Effectiveness: Helps restore testosterone levels, improving mood, energy, bone mineral density, and sexual function.
• Administration: Must be injected into the muscle (intramuscular) under strict medical supervision.
• Dosage: Frequency and dosage are strictly determined by a doctor based on patient needs.
• Side Effects: Potential side effects include acne, weight gain, increased blood pressure, mood swings, and injection site pain. 

Trenabold EN 200 (Trenbolone Enanthate 200mg/ml) is a potent, long-acting anabolic-androgenic steroid, primarily used by bodybuilders and athletes for significant muscle growth, increased strength, and cutting cycles. It is a 10ml vial formulation manufactured by companies like Kachhela, often aimed at enhancing physical performance and body composition. 

• Lean Muscle Gain: Known for rapid, significant increases in muscle mass and nitrogen retention.
• Cutting/Fat Loss: Helps reduce fat stores while retaining muscle, leading to a harder, more vascular physique.
• Strength Enhancement: Improves power output by enhancing muscle fiber recruitment.
• Increased Endurance: Users often report improved recovery times and workout intensity.
• Veterinary Application: Originally designed to improve muscle growth and feed efficiency in livestock. 

Clenbuterol is a medication in the beta-2 agonist class, used to treat respiratory obstruction diseases and acts as a bronchodilator in the treatment of asthma. Chemically, clenbuterol is a phenyl amino ethanol that exerts effects on beta-2 receptors at very low doses Yes, clenbuterol can affect the liver, causing changes in liver enzymes (like ALT/AST) and potentially impacting liver function, though some studies show beneficial effects like reduced fat accumulation, while others note negative changes in liver mass or metabolic markers, highlighting dose-dependent and varied effects. It's known to alter lipid metabolism and gene expression in the liver, influencing fat breakdown and glucose production, but effects vary greatly with dosage, duration, and species

surya medical  is an Indian pharmaceutical company that wholesaler and exports a wide range of pharmaceutical products. The company was established in 2019 and is headquartered in Nagpur, Maharashtra. surya medical is involved in the production of various pharmaceutical formulations, including tablets, capsules, injectables, and ointments. They cater to different therapeutic areas such as antibiotics, antifungals, cardiovascular, antidiabetics, and gastroenterology. The company has a strong presence in the domestic market and also exports its products to several countries worldwide. surya medical is known for its commitment to quality and has received various certifications.surya medical  is an Indian pharmaceutical company that wholesaler and exports a wide range of pharmaceutical products. The company was established in 2019 and is headquartered in Nagpur, Maharashtra. surya medical is involved in the production of various pharmaceutical formulations, including tablets, capsules, injectables, and ointments. They cater to different therapeutic areas such as antibiotics, antifungals, cardiovascular, antidiabetics, and gastroenterology. The company has a strong presence in the domestic market and also exports its products to several countries worldwide. surya medical is known for its commitment to quality and has received various certifications.

DroDecan PP  10 ML VIAL  (Drostanolone Propionate USP  100 mg /ml )
Dromostanolone is a synthetic androgen, or male hormone, similar to testosterone. Dromostanolone works by attaching itself to androgen receptors; this causes it to interact with the parts of the cell involved in the making of proteins. It may cause an increase in the synthesis of some proteins or a decrease in the synthesis of others. These proteins have a variety of effects, including blocking the growth of some types of breast cancer cells, stimulating cells that cause male sexual characteristics, and stimulating the production of red blood cells.
Dromostanolone is a synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid and is approximately 5 times as potent as natural methyltestosterone. Like testosterone and other androgenic hormones, dromostanolone binds to the androgen receptor. This causes downstream genetic transcriptional changes. This ultimately causes retention of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus; increases protein anabolism; and decreases amino acid catabolism. The antitumour activity of dromostanolone appears related to reduction or competitive inhibition of prolactin receptors or estrogen receptors or production

Oxymetho25lone medication is a synthetic male hormone and it is used for treatment of an anemia. Oxymetholon is soldwith the brand name Oxythol in dose of 50mg.  the reason behind of it is Oxythol increases the amount of the erythropoietin involved in the production of red blood cells.oxymetholone is highly effective in promoting extensive gains in body mass and it is available in packing strip of 10 tablets.Oxymetholone medication is a synthetic male hormone and it is used for treatment of an anemia. Oxymetholon is soldwith the brand name Oxythol in dose of 50mg.  the reason behind of it is Oxythol increases the amount of the erythropoietin involved in the production of red blood cells.oxymetholone is highly effective in promoting extensive gains in body mass and it is available in packing strip of 10 tablets.Oxymetholone medication is a synthetic male hormone and it is used for treatment of an anemia. Oxymetholon is soldwith the brand name Oxythol in dose of 50mg.  the reason behind of it is Oxythol increases the amount of the erythropoietin involved in the production of red blood cells.oxymetholone is highly effective in promoting extensive gains in body mass and it is available in packing strip of 10 tablets.

GymSquat 250 mg/ml (Nandrolone Decanoate) is an injectable anabolic-androgenic steroid, often used in bodybuilding and athletic contexts to boost performance, muscle mass, and recovery. It acts by mimicking testosterone, but with a focus on tissue-building effects. Disclaimer: This product is often used for performance enhancement, but it carries risks of hormonal imbalance and side effects. It should be used under the supervision 

• Muscle Growth & Strength: Promotes significant gains in muscle mass, strength, and stamina.
• Recovery: Aids in faster recovery between intense, high-volume workouts.
• Protein Synthesis: Improves nitrogen retention and protein synthesis, helping to build lean muscle.
• Osteoporosis: Medically used to treat osteoporosis in post-menopausal women by strengthening bones.
• Anemia: Sometimes used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney

Zennavail 10mg tablets contain Metandienone (also known as methandrostenolone or Dianabol), which is an oral anabolic-androgenic steroid. It is primarily used by athletes and bodybuilders for performance enhancement, but it has specific, albeit often outdated, medical applications. 

• Physique and Performance Enhancement: It is widely used by bodybuilders, powerlifters, and athletes to rapidly increase muscle mass, strength, and endurance.
• Muscle Growth Stimulation: It promotes protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in muscles, aiding in faster recovery and growth.
• Appetite Stimulation: It is used to treat appetite loss, particularly in patients with severe anorexia.
• Androgen Deficiency (Historical/Limited Use): It was previously used in androgen replacement therapy to treat hypogonadism in men. 

Zennavail 10mg tablets contain Metandienone (also known as methandrostenolone or Dianabol), which is an oral anabolic-androgenic steroid. It is primarily used by athletes and bodybuilders for performance enhancement, but it has specific, albeit often outdated, medical applications. 

• Physique and Performance Enhancement: It is widely used by bodybuilders, powerlifters, and athletes to rapidly increase muscle mass, strength, and endurance.
• Muscle Growth Stimulation: It promotes protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in muscles, aiding in faster recovery and growth.
• Appetite Stimulation: It is used to treat appetite loss, particularly in patients with severe anorexia.
• Androgen Deficiency (Historical/Limited Use): It was previously used in androgen replacement therapy to treat hypogonadism in men. 

Testosterone cypionate injection is use to treat males whose bodies do not make enough natural testosterone, a condition called hypogonadism. Testosterone is a male hormone responsible for the growth and development of the male sex organs and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics Testosterone cypionate injection is use to treat males whose bodies do not make enough natural testosterone, a condition called hypogonadism. Testosterone is a male hormone responsible for the growth and development of the male sex organs and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics

Testoboon-CP 250 mg injection (Testosterone Cypionate) is a testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for adult men with male hypogonadism, treating symptoms like low libido, impotence, fatigue, mood changes, and bone loss by replenishing testosterone levels, but it requires strict medical supervision due to potential side effects like blood pressure changes, mood swings, and clotting risks, so it's only used when clinically necessary and confirmed by blood tests. Testoboon-CP 250 mg injection (Testosterone Cypionate) is a testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for adult men with male hypogonadism, treating symptoms like low libido, impotence, fatigue, mood changes, and bone loss by replenishing testosterone levels, but it requires strict medical supervision due to potential side effects like blood pressure changes, mood swings, and clotting risks, so it's only used when clinically necessary and confirmed by blood tests. 

Clenbuterol is a medication in the beta-2 agonist class, used to treat respiratory obstruction diseases and acts as a bronchodilator in the treatment of asthma. Chemically, clenbuterol is a phenyl amino ethanol that exerts effects on beta-2 receptors at very low doses Yes, clenbuterol can affect the liver, causing changes in liver enzymes (like ALT/AST) and potentially impacting liver function, though some studies show beneficial effects like reduced fat accumulation, while others note negative changes in liver mass or metabolic markers, highlighting dose-dependent and varied effects. It's known to alter lipid metabolism and gene expression in the liver, influencing fat breakdown and glucose production, but effects vary greatly with dosage, duration, and species